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Current Film and Developer Recommendations
© 2005 H. Lynn Jones for Black & White World
What's the optimal combination of film, developer, processing time and temperature for your favorite currently available film? Based on months of exhaustive research, the following charts should answer all of your questions.
How to use this feature:
- Carefully select the film and developer combination you desire.
- The agitation is assumed to be, one cycle each 30 seconds unless otherwise stated (See the section on agitation when special effects are desired).
- If using a drum processor or sheets in a tray with continuous agitation, find the time for your temperature and multiply by .8 for the new time.
- In the left hand column, the descriptions (Shadowless, Flat, Normal, etc.) are lighting contrasts in the original scene.
- The exposure indices are appropriate for those conditions and the development times stated.
In most cases there are recommendations for different temperatures for photographer convenience.
- In films made since the early 1950’s, there is no difference in quality based on temperature adjusted developing times.
Charts list the following columns: film, developer, subject, contrast, exposure, and time/temperature. (Assumes a condenser or condenser emulating enlarger, minor changes may be required for your personal use)
|
Film, Developer, Subject Contrast
|
ASA/ISO
|
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
NEW Plus X Pan, D-76 Full Strength |
|
Shadowless
|
640
|
9.5
|
8.5
|
8
|
7
|
|
Flat
|
320
|
5.5
|
5
|
4.5
|
4
|
|
NORMAL
|
160
|
5
|
4.5
|
4
|
3.5 |
|
Contrasty
|
50
|
4
|
3.5
|
3.25
|
2.75
|
|
Very Contrasty
|
40
|
3.5
|
3
|
2.75
|
NR
|
Â
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
NEW Plus X Pan,
Acufine Full Stength |
| Shadowless |
640 |
8.5 |
7.75 |
7 |
6 |
| Flat |
400 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
| NORMAL |
200 |
4.5 |
4 |
3.75 |
3.25 |
| Contrasty |
100 |
4 |
3.75 |
3.25 |
2.75 |
| Very Contrasty |
50 |
3.5 |
3.25 |
2.75 |
2.50 |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
| Kodak Technical Pan Film, Roll & Sheet;
Rodinal 1:100 agitate ea. 1 minute |
| Shadowless |
125 |
11 |
10 |
9 |
8 |
| Flat |
80 |
8.5 |
7.5 |
7 |
6 |
| NORMAL |
64 |
7 |
6.5 |
5.5 |
5 |
| Contrasty |
40 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
| Very Contrasty |
32 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
3.5 |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
| NEW Plus X Pan
D 76 Full Strength |
| Shadowless |
640 |
9.5 |
8.5 |
8 |
7 |
| Flat |
320 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
| NORMAL |
160 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
3.5 |
| Contrasty |
50 |
4 |
3.5 |
3.25 |
2.75 |
| Very Contrasty |
40 |
3.5 |
3 |
2.75 |
NR |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
| NEW Plus X Pan
Acufine Full Stength |
| Shadowless |
640 |
8.5 |
7.75 |
7 |
6 |
| Flat |
400 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
| NORMAL |
200 |
4.5 |
4 |
3.75 |
3.25 |
| Contrasty |
100 |
4 |
3.75 |
3.25 |
2.75 |
| Very Contrasty |
50 |
3.5 |
3.25 |
2.75 |
2.50 |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
| New Kodak T MAX 100 (TMX)
Rodinal 1:50 |
| Shadowless |
250 |
17 |
15.5 |
13.5 |
12.5 |
| Flat |
160 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
9.5 |
| NORMAL |
100 |
11 |
10 |
9 |
8 |
| Contrasty |
50 |
8.5 |
8 |
7 |
6.5 |
| Very Contrasty |
16 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
New Kodak TMAX 100 (TMX)
Rodinal 1:25 |
| Shadowless |
250 |
8 |
7 |
6.5 |
5.5 |
| Flat |
160 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
| NORMAL |
100 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
3.5 |
| Contrasty |
50 |
4 |
3.5 |
3 |
NR |
| Very Contrasty |
16 |
3.5 |
3 |
NR |
NR |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
| New TMax 400 - TMY
D76 Full Strength |
| Shadowless |
1000 |
11 |
10 |
9 |
8 |
| Flat |
640 |
8 |
7.5 |
7 |
6 |
| NORMAL |
400 |
7 |
6.25 |
5.75 |
5 |
| Contrasty |
200 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
| Very Contrasty |
125 |
5 |
4.75 |
4.5 |
3.75 |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
New Tmax 400 - TMY; Acufine Full Strength |
| Shadowless |
1250 |
9.5 |
9 |
8 |
7 |
| Flat |
800 |
7.25 |
6.75 |
6 |
5.5 |
| NORMAL |
400 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
| Contrasty |
250 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
| Very Contrasty |
125 |
4.5 |
4 |
3.75 |
3.25 |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
Professional TMZ P3200 |
| T MAX 1:4 (NOT RS) 3200 |
11 |
10.5 |
9 |
8.5 |
| D76 3200 |
12.5 |
11.5 |
10.5 |
9 |
| HC110B (1:31 from concentrate) |
3200 |
10.5 |
9.5 |
8.75 |
7.5 |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
FUJI NEOPAN 400
D 76 (Full Strength Replenished) |
| Shadowless |
1,250 |
14 |
13 |
12 |
10.5 |
| Flat |
800 |
11 |
10 |
9 |
8 |
| NORMAL |
500 |
8.5 |
7.5 |
7 |
6 |
| Contrasty |
400 |
7 |
6.5 |
5.5 |
5 |
| Very Contrasty |
240 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
FUJI NEOPAN 400
Acufine (Full Strength Replenished) |
| Shadowless |
2,400 |
12 |
11 |
10 |
9 |
| Flat |
1,250 |
9 |
8 |
7.25 |
6.5 |
| NORMAL |
650 |
6.5 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
| Contrasty |
500 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
| Very Contrasty |
320 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
NR |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
Fuji Neopan 100 in D76 Full Strength;
Agitate 5 sec per minute |
| Shadowless |
250 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
9.5 |
| Flat |
125 |
9 |
8 |
7.5 |
6.5 |
| NORMAL |
64 |
7 |
6.5 |
5.5 |
5 |
| Contrasty |
50 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
| Very Contrasty |
25 |
5 |
4.5 |
4.25 |
3.75 |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
Fuji Neopan 100 in Rodinal 1:50
Agitate 5 sec per minute |
| Shadowless |
200 |
13.5 |
12 |
11 |
10 |
| Flat |
160 |
10.5 |
9.5 |
9 |
7.5 |
| NORMAL |
100 |
8.5 |
8 |
7 |
6.5 |
| Contrasty |
64 |
7.5 |
6.5 |
6 |
5 |
| Very Contrasty |
50 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
Fuji FUJI NEOPAN 400; ILFORD Microphen (Full Strength) |
| Shadowless |
1,250 |
11.5 |
10.5 |
9.5 |
8.5 |
| Flat |
1,000 |
8 |
7.5 |
6.5 |
6 |
| NORMAL |
640 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
| Contrasty |
320 |
4.5 |
4 |
NR |
NR |
| Very Contrasty |
160 |
3.5 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
ILFORD PAN F PLUS, Rodinal 1:50 |
| Shadowless |
64 |
11 |
10 |
9 |
8 |
| Flat |
50 |
8.5 |
7.75 |
7 |
6 |
| NORMAL |
32 |
7 |
6.5 |
6 |
5 |
| Contrasty |
25 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
| Very Contrasty |
16 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
ILFORD DELTA 100; Rodinal 1:25 |
| Shadowless |
125 |
9.5 |
8.5 |
7.75 |
7 |
| Flat |
80 |
7 |
6.5 |
6 |
5.25 |
| NORMAL |
64 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
NR |
| Contrasty |
40 |
4 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
| Very Contrasty |
24 |
3.5 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
ILFORD DELTA 100; D 76 (Full Strength Replenished) |
| Shadowless |
160 |
11.5 |
10.5 |
9.5 |
8.5 |
| Flat |
125 |
9 |
8 |
7.5 |
6.5 |
| NORMAL |
80 |
7.5 |
6.5 |
6 |
5.25 |
| Contrasty |
50 |
5.75 |
5.25 |
4.75 |
4.25 |
| Very Contrasty |
32 |
4.75 |
4.25 |
4 |
NR |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
ILFORD DELTA 100; HC110 1:50 (from concentrate) |
| Shadowless |
160 |
9.5 |
8.5 |
8 |
7 |
| Flat |
125 |
7.5 |
7 |
6 |
5.5 |
| NORMAL |
64 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
| Contrasty |
40 |
4.5 |
4 |
3.75 |
NR |
| Very Contrasty |
32 |
4 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
Ilford Delta 100; Kodak Xtol 1:1, 5 sec each 30 seconds |
| Shadowless |
200 |
14 |
13 |
11.5 |
10 |
| Flat |
125 |
10 |
9 |
8.5 |
7.5 |
| NORMAL |
50 |
7 |
6.6 |
5.5 |
5 |
| Contrasty |
25 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
| Very Contrasty |
16 |
4.5 |
4 |
NR (3.5) |
NR (3.0) |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
| Ilford Delta 100, Kodak Xtol 1:2, 5 sec each 30 seconds |
| Shadowless |
160 |
25 |
23 |
21 |
18 |
| Flat |
125 |
15 |
14 |
12 |
11 |
| NORMAL |
50 |
11 |
10 |
9 |
8 |
| Contrasty |
25 |
9 |
8 |
7.5 |
6.5 |
| Very Contrasty |
16 |
8 |
7.5 |
6.5 |
5.5 |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
ILFORD FP 4 PLUS, Rodinal 1:50 |
| Shadowless |
250 |
15 |
13.5 |
12.5 |
11 |
| Flat |
200 |
10.5 |
9.5 |
8.5 |
7.5 |
| NORMAL |
64 |
7.5 |
7 |
6.5 |
5.5 |
| Contrasty |
40 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
| Very Contrasty |
25 |
4.5 |
4 |
NR |
NR |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
ILFORD FP 4 PLUS, HC110 1:31 (From Concentrate) |
| Shadowless |
250 |
9 |
8 |
7.5 |
6.5 |
| Flat |
160 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
| NORMAL |
100 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
NR |
| Contrasty |
64 |
4 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
| Very Contrasty |
50 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
NR |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
ILFORD HP 5 PLUS, RODINAL 1:25
|
| Shadowless |
1,200 |
10 |
9 |
8.5 |
7.5 |
| Flat |
800 |
8 |
7.5 |
6.5 |
6 |
| NORMAL |
400 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
| Contrasty |
200 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
NR |
| Very Contrasty |
100 |
4 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
ILFORD HP 5 PLUS, D-76 (Full Strength, Replenished) |
| Shadowless |
1,200 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
9.5 |
| Flat |
800 |
9 |
8 |
7 |
6 |
| NORMAL |
400 |
7 |
6.5 |
6 |
5 |
| Contrasty |
200 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
| Very Contrasty |
100 |
4.5 |
4 |
NR |
NR |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
New Delta 400 in D76 Full Strength, Agitate 5 sec per minute |
| Shadowless 1600 |
15.5 |
14 |
13 |
11 |
| Flat |
800 |
10.5 |
9.5 |
8.5 |
7.5 |
| NORMAL |
400 |
7 |
6.5 |
6 |
5 |
| Contrasty |
250 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
| Very Contrasty |
160 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
NR |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
AGFA APX 25, Rodinal 1:50 |
| Shadowless |
50 |
20 |
18 |
16.5 |
14.5 |
| Flat |
32 |
12 |
11 |
10 |
9 |
| NORMAL |
16 |
8 |
7.5 |
6.5 |
6 |
| Contrasty |
12 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
| Very Contrasty |
8 |
4.5 |
4 |
NR |
NR |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
AGFA APX 100, Rodinal 1:25 |
| Shadowless |
160 |
12 |
11 |
10 |
8.5 |
| Flat |
100 |
8 |
7.5 |
6.5 |
6 |
| NORMAL |
50 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
4 |
| Contrasty |
32 |
4 |
3.75 (NR) |
NR |
NR |
| Very Contrasty |
25 |
NR |
NR |
NR |
NR |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
AGFA APX 400, Rodinal 1:25 |
| Shadowless |
1,200 |
10.5 |
9.75 |
9 |
7.75 |
| Flat |
800 |
7.75 |
6.5 |
6 |
5.25 |
| NORMAL |
320 |
5 |
4.5 |
4.25 |
3.75 (NR) |
| Contrasty |
250 |
4 |
3.5 (NR) |
NR |
NR |
| Film, Developer, Subject Contrast |
ASA/ISO |
68° F |
70° F |
72° F |
75° F |
|
AGFA APX 400, Microphen (Full Strength) |
| Shadowless |
1,250 |
13 |
12 |
11 |
9.5 |
| Flat |
640 |
8.5 |
7.5 |
7 |
6 |
| NORMAL |
320 |
6 |
5.5 |
5 |
4.5 |
| Contrasty |
160 |
4 |
3.75 (NR) |
NR |
NR |
TECHNOLOGICAL BASES:
The Average Gardients [Gbar] (sometimes called Contrast Index) are assumed to be based on condenser or condenser emulating enlargers
(as would be found in color heads).
Shadowless Lighting 1:1: Gbar .70
Flat Lighting 1:2-1:4: Gbar .59
Normal Lighting 1:6-1:10: Gbar .49
Contrasty Lighting 1:16 +/-: Gbar .43
Very Contrasty Lighting1:32+/-: Gbar 36
For the above Avererage Gradients & exposures, the net densities will be .70 (grey card).
For true diffusion enlargers, increased exposure and development will be needed.
During his illustrious carreer, H. Lynn Jones spent 28 years as Contributing Editor for The Rangefinder magazine, and has written for View Camera Magazine, PhotoGraphic, Sminthsonian, Sky and Telescope, and Photo Lab Management magazines. He is the former Chairman of Photographic Technology, Austin Community College, Austin, TX.
The contents of this article may not be reproduced without Prof. Jones's written permission.
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